Global warming poses danger to the life on earth, risking fresh water, food, and energy supplies. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the primary cause of global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are GHGs produced by the combustion of oil, fossil fuels, and other sources.
The metals and mining industry accounts for approximately 4% to 7% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. GHG emissions are produced by industry operations such as energy generation, heat or steam, and fuel use. The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) has committed to a goal of net zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2050.
Vedanta Ltd (Vedanta) is a diversified metal and mining company. Its product portfolio includes lead, zinc, silver, copper rod and cathodes, aluminum, iron ore, commercial power, and oil and gas. In 2021, the company reported total GHG emissions of around 60.2 million tonnes CO2 equivalents (MtCO2eq), down 4% from 2020.
Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions are the three categories of GHG emissions. Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions from facilities owned or controlled by the company, such as fuel use, on-site electricity generation, and process emissions. Indirect GHG emissions from the generation of purchased energy, such as the electricity, heat or steam are referred to as Scope 2. Scope 3 emissions refer to the company's other indirect emissions beyond the company’s direct operations and occur in the company’s value chain, including upstream and downstream activities. Vedanta has not reported the amount of Scope 3 emissions.
Scope 1 emissions account for most of Vedanta’s overall GHG emissions, accounting for 97.8% of total GHG emissions (58.9 MtCO2eq) in 2021. In 2021, the company's Scope 1 emissions fell by 3.4%, and Scope 2 emissions fell by 34.5%.
Vedanta aims to de-carbonize their operations by 2050 and commits to reduce the GHG emissions intensity by 20% by 2025.
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