Global warming poses danger to the life on earth, risking fresh water, food, and energy supplies. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the primary cause of global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are GHGs produced by the combustion of oil, fossil fuels, and other sources.
The metals and mining industry accounts for approximately 4% to 7% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. GHG emissions are produced by industry operations such as energy generation, heat or steam, and fuel use. The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) has committed to a goal of net zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2050.
BHP is a natural resources company that carries out the explorations, development, production and processing of mineral resources such as iron ore, coal, nickel, copper, lead, silver, potash, molybdenum, uranium, zinc and gold. In 2021, the company reported total GHG emissions of around 418.7 million tonnes CO2 equivalents (MtCO2eq), down 3% from 2020.
Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions are the three categories of GHG emissions. Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions from operated assets by BHP, such as fuel use, on-site electricity generation, and process emissions. Indirect GHG emissions from the generation of purchased or acquired electricity, steam, heat or cooling that is consumed by operated assets are referred to as Scope 2. Scope 3 emissions refer to the company's other indirect emissions beyond the company’s direct operations and occur in the company’s value chain, including upstream and downstream activities, such as product transport, employee commute.
Scope 3 emissions account for most of BHP’s overall GHG emissions, accounting for 96.1% of total GHG emissions (402.5 MtCO2eq) in 2021. In 2021, the company's Scope 1 emissions rose by 4.2%, but Scope 2 emissions fell by 1.6%.
BHP’s target is to reduce the operational emissions by at least 30% by 2030 from the level they were in 2020. The company has set a long term goal to achieve net zero operational emissions by 2050.
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