Gilead Sciences Inc (Gilead) develops and commercializes medicines for the treatment of life-threatening diseases in humans. The company's primary areas of focus include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), liver diseases such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and cancer and inflammation. The company classifies its products into five categories: HIV, Veklury, Liver Diseases, Oncology, and Others.

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The company's R&D focuses on developing drugs to improve safety and efficacy in unmet medical needs. Its product development efforts encompass a range of medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS and liver diseases including HBV and HCV, serious cardiovascular and respiratory conditions and inflammation or cancer. It operates R&D facilities at Foster City, Oceanside, Santa Monica, and Emeryville, California; Seattle, Washington; Gaithersburg, Maryland; Morris Plains, New Jersey; Dublin, Ireland; and Edmonton, Canada. The company strives to discover and develop new molecules and technologies that would lead to their approval and medicines that meet unmet medical needs. It has several collaboration agreements with corporate partners that govern the R&D of certain of its compounds and drug candidates. In FY2023, the company’s R&D expenses amounted to US$5,718 million, which as a percentage of revenue, stood at 21.1%. A few of the company's products in Phase III or Phase II include remdesivir (injection) for the treatment of COVID-19 (expanded indication); lenacapavir for HIV infection in heavily treatment-experienced people living with HIV; bulevirtide for chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection; axicabtagene ciloleucel for second line diffuse large B cell lymphoma; sacituzumab govitecan-hziy for breast cancer; and domvanalimab and zimberelimab for upper gastrointestinal tract cancer.